Carboxyatractyloside: Difference between revisions
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{{MitoPedia | {{MitoPedia | ||
|abbr= | |abbr=CAT | ||
|description='''Carboxyatractyloside''' | |description='''Carboxyatractyloside''' CAT is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the [[adenine nucleotide translocator]] (ANT). CAT stabilizes the nucleoside binding site of ANT on the cytoplasmic (positive) side of the inner membrane and blocks the exchange of matrix ATP and cytoplasmic ADP. It causes stabilization of the ''c'' conformation of ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis. | ||
|info=[[MiPNet03.02]] | |info=[[MiPNet03.02]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== Application in [[HRR]] == | == Application in [[HRR]] == | ||
{{Chemical_description | {{Chemical_description | ||
|abbr= | |abbr=CAT | ||
|trivial name=Carboxyatractyloside | |trivial name=Carboxyatractyloside | ||
|complete name=carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'' | |complete name=carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'' | ||
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|h info=toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled | |h info=toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled | ||
}}<!--::: ''' | }}<!--::: '''CAT: Carboxyatractyloside''' (carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'', C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>44</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>*K<sub>x</sub>); Sigma C 4992, 2 mg, store at -20 °C; M = 802.99 g·mol<sup>-1</sup> (free acid basis);--> | ||
:::: Alternative source: Merck 216201-5MG (Calbiochem, Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'', C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>43</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>K<sub>3</sub>*3H<sub>2</sub>O), 5 mg, store at -20 °C, M = 939.1 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>. | :::: Alternative source: Merck 216201-5MG (Calbiochem, Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'', C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>43</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>K<sub>3</sub>*3H<sub>2</sub>O), 5 mg, store at -20 °C, M = 939.1 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>. | ||
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:::: '''Comment:''' | :::: '''Comment:''' CAT is considered to be much more specific than [[atractyloside|Atractyloside]] (Atr), and the effective concentration required is much much lower (µM). With Atr, a very high concentration (mM) is required for full inhibition. CAT appears to be little permeable to intact cells and can thus only be applied in permeabilized cells and tissues or in isolated mitochondria ([[Ruas_2016_PLOS_ONE|Ruas 2016 PLOS_ONE]]). | ||
» [[Talk:Carboxyatractyloside]] | » [[Talk:Carboxyatractyloside]] | ||
{{MitoPedia topics | |||
|mitopedia topic=Inhibitor | |||
}} |
Latest revision as of 14:55, 7 February 2024
Description
Carboxyatractyloside CAT is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). CAT stabilizes the nucleoside binding site of ANT on the cytoplasmic (positive) side of the inner membrane and blocks the exchange of matrix ATP and cytoplasmic ADP. It causes stabilization of the c conformation of ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.
Abbreviation: CAT
Reference: MiPNet03.02
Application in HRR
- CAT: Carboxyatractyloside (carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from Xanthium sibiricum; C31H46O18S2*xK+), Sigma-Aldrich: C4992, store at -20 °C, CAS: 77228-71-8, M = 802.99 g·mol-1
- Hazard statements: H301, H311, H331; toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled
- CAT: Carboxyatractyloside (carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from Xanthium sibiricum; C31H46O18S2*xK+), Sigma-Aldrich: C4992, store at -20 °C, CAS: 77228-71-8, M = 802.99 g·mol-1
- Alternative source: Merck 216201-5MG (Calbiochem, Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from Xanthium sibiricum, C31H43O18S2K3*3H2O), 5 mg, store at -20 °C, M = 939.1 g·mol-1.
- Preparation of 2 mM stock solution (dissolved in H2O) for 2-mL O2k-chamber:
- For a vial with 2 mg of carboxyatractyloside: dissolve in 1065 µL H2O.
- Divide into 100 µL aliquots.
- Store at -20 °C.
- » O2k manual titrations » MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations
- Titration volume (2-mL O2k-chamber): 1-5 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe.
- Final concentration: 1-5 µM.
- Preparation of 0.5 mM solution (dissolved in H2O) for 0.5-mL O2k-chamber:
- Take 50 µL of the 2 mM stock solution.
- Add 150 µL H2O.
- » O2k manual titrations » MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations
- Titration volume (0.5-mL O2k-chamber): 1-5 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe.
- Final concentration: 1-5 µM.
- Comment: CAT is considered to be much more specific than Atractyloside (Atr), and the effective concentration required is much much lower (µM). With Atr, a very high concentration (mM) is required for full inhibition. CAT appears to be little permeable to intact cells and can thus only be applied in permeabilized cells and tissues or in isolated mitochondria (Ruas 2016 PLOS_ONE).
» Talk:Carboxyatractyloside
MitoPedia topics:
Inhibitor