Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. More information

Kodama 2009 JAMA

From Bioblast
Publications in the MiPMap
Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, Totsuka K, Shimano H, Ohashi Y, Yamada N, Sone H (2009) Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA 301:2024-35.

Β» PMID: 19454641 Open Access

Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, Totsuka K, Shimano H, Ohashi Y, Yamada N, Sone H (2009) JAMA

Abstract: CONTEXT: Epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) or all-cause mortality in healthy participants.

OBJECTIVE: To define quantitative relationships between CRF and CHD events, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, or all-cause mortality in healthy men and women.

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: A systematic literature search was conducted for observational cohort studies using MEDLINE (1966 to December 31, 2008) and EMBASE (1980 to December 31, 2008). The Medical Subject Headings search terms used included exercise tolerance, exercise test, exercise/physiology, physical fitness, oxygen consumption, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial ischemia, mortality, mortalities, death, fatality, fatal, incidence, or morbidity. Studies reporting associations of baseline CRF with CHD events, CVD events, or all-cause mortality in healthy participants were included.

DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently extracted relevant data. CRF was estimated as maximal aerobic capacity (MAC) expressed in metabolic equivalent (MET) units. Participants were categorized as low CRF (< 7.9 METs), intermediate CRF (7.9-10.8 METs), or high CRF (> or = 10.9 METs). CHD and CVD were combined into 1 outcome (CHD/CVD). Risk ratios (RRs) for a 1-MET higher level of MAC and for participants with lower vs higher CRF were calculated with a random-effects model.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Data were obtained from 33 eligible studies (all-cause mortality, 102 980 participants and 6910 cases; CHD/CVD, 84 323 participants and 4485 cases). Pooled RRs of all-cause mortality and CHD/CVD events per 1-MET higher level of MAC (corresponding to 1-km/h higher running/jogging speed) were 0.87 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.90) and 0.85 (95 % CI, 0.82-0.88), respectively. Compared with participants with high CRF, those with low CRF had an RR for all-cause mortality of 1.70 (95 % CI, 1.51-1.92; P < .001) and for CHD/CVD events of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.39-1.75; P < .001), adjusting for heterogeneity of study design. Compared with participants with intermediate CRF, those with low CRF had an RR for all-cause mortality of 1.40 (95 % CI, 1.32-1.48; P < .001) and for CHD/CVD events of 1.47 (95 % CI, 1.35-1.61; P < .001), adjusting for heterogeneity of study design.

CONCLUSIONS: Better CRF was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and CHD/CVD. Participants with a MAC of 7.9 METs or more had substantially lower rates of all-cause mortality and CHD/CVD events compared with those with a MAC of less 7.9 METs.

β€’ Bioblast editor: Gnaiger E

Abbreviations

  • CHD: coronary heart disease
  • CRF: cardiorespiratory fitness
  • low CRF: < 7.9 METs
  • intermediate CRF: 7.9-10.8 METs
  • high CRF: > or = 10.9 METs
  • CVD: cardiovascular disease
  • MAC: maximal aerobic capacity expressed in MET units
  • MET: metabolic equivalent unit; ratio of intensity of physical activity to that of sitting at rest; 1-MET higher level of MAC corresponds to 1-km/h higher running/jogging speed
  • RR: risk ratio


Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style  Pathology: Cardiovascular, Obesity 

Organism: Human 

Preparation: Intact organism 




VO2max