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Lee 2017 MiPschool Obergurgl

From Bioblast
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The metabolic syndrome (MetS) - dysmitochondrial syndrome and mitochondrial disruptors. Lee_Presentation

Link: MitoEAGLE

Lee HK (2017)

Event: MiPschool Obergurgl 2017

COST Action MitoEAGLE

Causes of diabetes mellitus (DM) or its predisposing state, insulin resistance are not well established. Usually lack of exercise and nutritional overload induced by industrialization are blamed. Therefore exercise and diet change are recommended for its treatment and prevention. However industrialization brought more than these changes but environmental pollution. Incidences of obesity, DM and MetS have been increasing in parallel with the increase in the industrial chemical production. Many researchers had reported the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance states, high blood levels of environmental pollutants in subjects with insulin resistance, and associations between the exposure to environmental pollutants and development of insulin resistance. However evidences that MetS is caused by exposure to environmental pollutants were meager. It had been difficult to establish cause-effect relationship, because the involved chemicals are enormously diverse, vary greatly over time, and present in mixture in human body. Furthermore, they exert additive, synergistic or even antagonistic effects, and quantitation of those chemicals in human samples was prohibitively expensive. My group realized, biological assays could solve this conundrum and developed a novel cell based aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) assay for environmental pollutants. We found sera from subjects with DM and MetS have higher AhR transactivation activity (AhRTA) and serum AhRTA correlated with its mitochondrial inhibitor activity (MIA). In this presentation I will show recent data which show the AhRTA and MIA are causatively associated with development of diabetes and MetS using samples obtained from two large epidemiologic studies. These evidences suggest MetS is in fact dysmitochondrial syndrome caused by mitochondrial disrupting chemicals (MtDCs). It is urgently needed to evaluate various environmental pollutants on mitochondrial functions, which are currently discussed under the various names, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metabolic disrupting chemicals (MDCs).


Bioblast editor: Kandolf G


Labels: MiParea: Comparative MiP;environmental MiP, mt-Medicine, mt-Awareness  Pathology: Diabetes, Obesity 

Organism: Human 


Regulation: Inhibitor 


Event: E2, Review 


Affiliations

Dept Internal Medicine, Eulji Univ College Medicine.- [email protected]

Table and figures

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Table 1. Environmental chemicals associated with T2DM and obesity Abbreviations used: BFR, brominated flame retardant; BPA, bisphenol A; DBP, dibutyl phthalate; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; DDE, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DEHP, diethylhexyl phthalate; DEP, diethyl phthalate; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; MEHP, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; OCPs, organochlorine pesticides; PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; PCDD, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; PCDF, polychlorinated dibenzofurans; PFC, polyfluoroalkyl compound; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; TBT, tributyltin chloride; TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TPTO, bis(triphenyltin) oxide; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; AR, androgen receptor; CAR, constitutive androstane receptor; ER, estrogen receptor; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor; PXR, pregnane X receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor; TR, thyroid hormone receptor; MetS, metabolic syndrome; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; OCR, oxygen consumption rate











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Figure 1. Role of mitochondria on insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Environmental chemical-induced mitochondrial damages decreased ATP production, leading to closure of KATP channel and depolarization of membrane potential. Consequently, insulin vesicles do not undergo exocytosis because there is no calcium ions influx into cytoplasm through voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC). Incretins activating G-coupled receptor enhance cAMP for insulin secretion.









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Figure 2. Role of mitochondria on insulin signaling pathway in insulin responding cells, such as liver, muscle, fat and brain cells. Environmental chemical-induced mitochondrial damages decreased Akt phosphorylation leading to failure on insulin responses. Insulin-stimulated Akt activation stimulates activities of glucose transporter (Glut), glycogen synthase (GS), sterol response element binding protein (SREBP), acyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and mTOR. Insulin also represses activities of lipase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase).