Pesta 2012 Methods Mol Biol: Difference between revisions
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|additional=MitoPathways, O2k-chemicals and media, Mt-preparations, O2k-Demo, O2k-Core | |additional=MitoPathways, O2k-chemicals and media, Mt-preparations, O2k-Demo, O2k-Core | ||
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Revision as of 17:38, 25 January 2016
Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) High-resolution respirometry. OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibres from small biopsies of human muscle. Methods Mol Biol 810:25-58. Β»Bioblast pdfΒ« |
Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) Methods Mol Biol
Abstract:
Protocols for high-resolution respirometry of intact cells, permeabilized cells, and permeabilized muscle fibres offer sensitive diagnostic tests of integrated mitochondrial function using standard cell culture techniques and small needle biopsies of muscle. Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols for analysis of oxidative phosphorylation improve our understanding of mitochondrial respiratory control and the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases. Respiratory states are defined in functional terms to account for the network of metabolic interactions in complex SUIT protols with stepwise modulation of coupling and substrate control. A regulated degree of intrinsic uncoupling is a hallmark of oxidative phosphorylation, whereas pathological and toxicological dyscoupling is evaluated as a mitochondrial defect. The noncoupled state of maximum respiration is experimentally induced by titration of established uncouplers (FCCP, DNP), to decrease the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and measure the capacity of the electron transfer system (ETS, open-circuit operation of respiration). Intrinsic uncoupling and dyscoupling are evaluated as the flux control ratio between non-phosphorylating LEAK respiration (electron flow coupled to proton pumping to compensate for proton leaks) and ETS capacity. If OXPHOS capacity (maximally ADP stimulated oxygen flux) is less than ETS capacity, the phosphorylation system contributes to flux control. Physiological Complex I&II substrate combinations support maximum ETS and OXPHOS capacities, due to the additive effect of multiple electron supply pathways converging at the Q-junction. Substrate control with electron entry separately through Complex I (pyruvate+malate or glutamate+malate) or Complex II (succinate&rotenone) restricts ETS capacity and artificially enhances flux control upstream of the Q-cycle, providing diagnostic information on specific branches of the ETS. Oxygen levels are maintained above air saturation in protocols with permeabilized muscle fibres to avoid experimental oxygen limitation of respiration.
Standardized two-point calibration of the polarographic oxygen sensor (static sensor calibration), calibration of the sensor response time (dynamic sensor calibration), and evaluation of instrumental background oxygen flux (systemic flux compensation) provide the unique experimental basis for high accuracy of quantitative results and quality control in high-resolution respirometry.]] β’ Keywords: Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration, Human vastus lateralis, Needle biopsy, HEK, HPMC, HUVEC, Fibroblasts, Routine respiration, Oxidative phosphorylation, Q-junction, Pyruvate, Glutamate, Malate, Succinate, Leak, Coupling control, Uncoupling, Oxygraph, Oxygen flux, Residual oxygen consumption, Instrumental background
β’ O2k-Network Lab: AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E, AT Innsbruck MitoCom
Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Instruments;methods, mt-Biogenesis;mt-density, Comparative MiP;environmental MiP, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style, mt-Medicine
Organism: Human
Tissue;cell: Skeletal muscle
Preparation: Intact cells, Permeabilized cells, Permeabilized tissue
Enzyme: Marker enzyme
Regulation: ADP, Coupling efficiency;uncoupling, Cyt c, Flux control, Oxygen kinetics, Substrate, Threshold;excess capacity, Fatty acid
Coupling state: LEAK, ROUTINE, OXPHOS, ETS"ETS" is not in the list (LEAK, ROUTINE, OXPHOS, ET) of allowed values for the "Coupling states" property.
HRR: Oxygraph-2k, TIP2k, O2k-Protocol
MitoPathways, O2k-chemicals and media, Mt-preparations, O2k-Demo, O2k-Core
Β» MitoPedia: Respiratory states
Correction
- Tab. 2: ETS capacity of HEK 293 cells is 47 Β± 7 (the value of 14 Β± 2 given in the table is that of ROUTINE respiration).
- Fig. 7a: 'Myothiazol' should be corrected to 'Myxothiazol'.
Update
- Tab. 1: Malate was generally used at 2 mM final concentration. New evaluations of SUIT protocols analyze the inhibitory effect of malate on CII-linked respiration, and the possibility to compensate for this by increasing succinate concentrations >10 mM. >> More details: Malate
- New terminology (Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways): (i) 'ETF+CI' was used to indicate fatty acid oxidation (FAO), when electron-transferring flavoprotein complex (CETF) and Complex I (CI) are stimulated simultaneously (octanoylcarnitine&malate). Since this combined action is a general reqirement for FAO, a simpler symbol is FAO for the respiratory activity with FAO-linked substrates. (ii) 'CI+ETF' indicated respiration in the presence of a cocktail of Complex I-linked substrates (glutamate&malate) and electron transferring flavoprotein-linked substrate (octanoylcarnitine). It is suggested to use the symbol CI&FAO to indicate respiration measured in the presence of such a substrate cocktail, which then is distinguished from CI+FAO which is the calculated sum of respiratory activities measured separately with CI-linked and FAO-linked substrates. Similarly, 'CI+II+ETF' is replaced by CI&II&FAO.
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