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Basal respiration +

'''Basal respiration''' or '''basal metabolic rate''' (BMR) is the minimal rate of metabolism required to support basic body functions, essential for maintenance only. BMR (in humans) is measured at rest 12 to 14 hours after eating in a physically and mentally relaxed state at thermally neutral room temperature. Maintenance energy requirements include mainly the metabolic costs of protein turnover and ion homeostasis. In many aerobic organisms, and particularly well studied in mammals, BMR is fully aerobic, i.e. direct calorimetry (measurement of [[heat dissipation]]) and indirect calorimetry (measurement of oxygen consumption multiplied by the [[oxycaloric equivalent]]) agree within errors of measurement (Blaxter KL 1962. The energy metabolism of ruminants. Hutchinson, London: 332 pp [1]). In many cultured mammalian cells, aerobic glycolysis contributes to total ATP turnover ([[Gnaiger_1990_Biochim Biophys Acta|Gnaiger and Kemp 1990]] [2]), and under these conditions, '[[respiration]]' is not equivalent to '[[metabolic rate]]'. Basal respiration in humans and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (oxygen kinetics) are correlated ([[Larsen_2011_FASEB J|Larsen et al 2011]] [3]). » [[Basal_respiration#Basal_respiration_in_physiology.2C_cellular_bioenergetics_and_mitochondrial_physiology | '''MiPNet article''']] +