Difference between revisions of "Work"
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|abbr=''W'' | |abbr=''W'' | ||
|description='''Work''' [J] is a specific form of [[energy]], called [[exergy]], performed by a closed or open system on its surroundings (the environment | |description='''Work''' [J] is a specific form of [[energy]], called [[exergy]], performed by a closed or open system on its surroundings (the environment). This is the definition of ''external'' work, which is zero in [[isolated system]]s. Mechanical work is force [N] times path length [m]. The internal-energy change, d''U'', is due to exchange of work and heat, and work is the internal energy change minus heat, | ||
d''W'' = d''U'' - d''Q'' | |||
|info=[[Gnaiger_1993_Pure Appl Chem |Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem]] | |info=[[Gnaiger_1993_Pure Appl Chem |Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2018-10-20 | |||
== Pressure-volume work == | |||
:::: Pressure-volume work, d<sub>''V''</sub>''W'', at constant pressure, is the gas pressure, ''p'' [Pa = J·m<sup>-3</sup>], times volume, ''V'' [m<sup>3</sup>], | |||
d<sub>''V''</sub>''W'' = -''p''·d''V'' [J] | |||
:::: The ''available'' work, d<sub>e</sub>''W'', is distinguished from external total work as [1] | |||
d<sub>e</sub>''W'' = d''W'' - d<sub>''V''</sub>''W'' | |||
:::: The [[enthalpy]] change, d''H'', at constant pressure, is defined as internal-energy change minus pressure-volume work, | |||
d''H'' = d''U'' - d<sub>''V''</sub>''W'' | |||
== References == | |||
:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |»Bioblast link«]] | |||
{{MitoPedia concepts | {{MitoPedia concepts | ||
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | |mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 11:08, 20 October 2018
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Work
Description
Work [J] is a specific form of energy, called exergy, performed by a closed or open system on its surroundings (the environment). This is the definition of external work, which is zero in isolated systems. Mechanical work is force [N] times path length [m]. The internal-energy change, dU, is due to exchange of work and heat, and work is the internal energy change minus heat,
dW = dU - dQ
Abbreviation: W
Reference: Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem
Communicated by Gnaiger E 2018-10-20
Pressure-volume work
- Pressure-volume work, dVW, at constant pressure, is the gas pressure, p [Pa = J·m-3], times volume, V [m3],
dVW = -p·dV [J]
- The available work, deW, is distinguished from external total work as [1]
deW = dW - dVW
- The enthalpy change, dH, at constant pressure, is defined as internal-energy change minus pressure-volume work,
dH = dU - dVW
References
- Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - »Bioblast link«
MitoPedia concepts:
Ergodynamics
