Difference between revisions of "Category:BME and mitObesity"
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''I am what I can.'' | |||
== Executive abstract == | == Executive abstract == | ||
Revision as of 00:59, 20 January 2020
I am what I can.
Executive abstract
Work in progress by Gnaiger E 2020-01-20 linked to a preprint in preparation on body mass excess, BME and mitObesity.
- The decline of muscular mitochondrial fitness in overweight states is a biomarker of the systemic mitObesity syndrome: Compromised mitochondrial fitness across metabolically active organs provides the mechanistic link between obesity and comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and various types of cancer bound to redox imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Today mitObesity is the world-wide leading cause of deaths and early aging, which can be prevented by an active lifestyle and improvement of the quality of life by exercise and caloric balance.
- The WHO defines obesity by convention as a body mass index, BMI, equal or above 30 kg·m-2. The BMI has been critizised, however, as an indicator of obesity due to its poor correlation with body fat expressed as percent body fat mass per total body mass, BF%. Another fundamental limitation of the BMI as a general index of obesity is the fact that BMI cutoff points, which have been evaluated in adult Caucasian populations, are not generally applicable and have to be adjusted for Asian populations, where adjusted BMI cutoff points are discussed for women and men. BMI cutoffs are dramatically different in children and adolescents. These limitations of the BMI are addressed collectively by the concept of body mass excess, BME, with respect to the healthy reference population: (1) The BME correlates linearly and tightly with body fat excess equally in women and men. (2) BME cutoff points for overweight and obese are identical in a wide range of evolutionary (ethnic) background including European and American white Caucasians, American blacks, and Asian populations, simply by considering the allometric effect of hight. (3) BME cutoff points apply equally to adults, adolescents and children, considering four allometric phases in human growth.
- The BME cutoff points for overweight and obese are easily understood by non-experts, as 20 % and 40 %, respectively, in excess of the reference body mass at a given height. In contrast, only specialists are familiar with the meaning of age-adjusted values of the BMI.
- In contrast to obesity, the devastating effects on health of starvation and undernutrition (negative BME) are bound to entirely different systemic and molecular mechanisms. In population studies, therefore, it is inappropriate to compare underweight with overweight health risks. In general, the reference must be BME=0, the healthy reference population.
- The decline of mitochondrial fitness in skeletal muscle is tightly associated with the body mass excess, BME, in healthy populations in the succession from the reference BME to overweight and obese BME cutoff values. The decline of mitochondrial fitness is quantitatively related to the progressive loss of cardiorespiratory fitness with increasing BME, measured as maximum ergometric aerobic capacity per total body mass, VO2max/M. The systemic decline of mitochondrial respiratory fitness is a hallmark of mitObesity.
- Several drugst and nutraceuticals, which yield some promising results in the treatment of a diverse range of preventable degenerative diseases implicated in comorbidities, have common mechanisms of action targeting mitochondria. These drugs and neutraceuticals - such as metformin, melatonin, flavonoids, curcumin, resveratrol, and MitoQ - can be classified as anti-mitObesity bioactive compounds, providing strong evidence for the role of mitochondrial function as a common group of mechanisms of action underlying the mitObesity syndrome.
- The resolution of preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted in the past may have been limited by insufficient matching of BME in experimental and placebo contro groups. Similarly, gender medicine in the prevailing context of obesity has been biased by common BMI cutoffs, which ignore the allometric effect of differences in height on precision-BMI cutoffs revealed by the BME concept.
- Caloric balance in a physically active lifestyle provides the evolutionary background of populations unexposed to preventable degenerative diseases by preserving traditional lifestyles. In modern societies, caloric balance and a physically active lifestyle presents the most successful approach to address the pandemic obesity crisis. World-wide sociopolitical strategies are required, paralleling the focus on climate change and environmental protection, to combat the threats of mitObesity on the health care systems of high-income and low-income coutries alike.
Further details - MitoPedia: BME
Labels: MiParea: Respiration, mt-Biogenesis;mt-density, Gender, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style, mt-Medicine Pathology: Obesity
Organism: Human
MitoPedia:BME
Pages in category "BME and mitObesity"
The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total.